This article will provide guidance on Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure. Disclaimer: Due to the law’s rapidly changing nature, there will be times when the material on this site will not be current. It is provided for general information and is not intended as legal advice. It should not be considered comprehensive or exhaustive and is not a substitute for advice from your attorney. We make no express or implied warranty as to the material’s accuracy, reliability, completeness, timeliness, or appropriateness for a particular purpose, including applicability to your jurisdiction or circumstances. We assume no liability for any direct, indirect, or consequential damages resulting from your reliance on this material; you do so at your own risk. Seek the advice of an attorney. Comments, corrections, or suggestions should be directed to info@undisputedlegal.com. The information listed below may have been amended. For updated process serving legislation, please visit the Ohio Courts website.
Ohio Process Service Requirements
Personal service When the plaintiff files a written request with the clerk for personal service, service of process shall be made by that method. When a process issued from the Supreme Court, a court of appeals, a court of common pleas, or a county court is to be served personally, the clerk of the court shall deliver the process and sufficient copies of the process and complaint, or another document to be served, to the sheriff of the county in which the party to be served resides or may be found. When process issues from the municipal court, delivery shall be to the bailiff of the court for service on all defendants who reside or may be found within the county or counties in which that court has territorial jurisdiction and to the sheriff of any other county in this state for service upon a defendant who resides in or may be found in that other county. In the alternative, the clerk’s process issuing from any of these courts may be delivered to any person not less than eighteen years of age, who is not a party and who has been designated by order of the court to make service of process. The person serving process shall locate the person to be served and tender a copy of the process and accompanying documents to the person to be served. When the copy of the process has been served, the person serving the process shall endorse that fact on the process and return it to the clerk, who shall make the appropriate entry on the appearance docket. When the person serving the process cannot serve a copy of the process within twenty-eight days, the person shall endorse that fact and the reasons for the process and return the process and copies to the clerk who shall make the appropriate entry on the appearance docket. In service failure, the clerk shall follow the notification procedure outlined in division (A) of this Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule. Failure to do service within the twenty-eight-day period and failure to make proof of service do not affect the service’s validity.
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4. Process: Summons
(A) Summons: Issuance. Upon filing the complaint, the clerk shall issue a summons for service upon each defendant listed in the caption. Upon request of the plaintiff, separate or additional summons shall issue at any time against any defendant.
(B) Summons: form; a copy of the complaint. The clerk shall sign the summons, contain the name and address of the court and the names and addresses of the parties, be directed to the defendant, and state the name and address of the plaintiff’s attorney if any otherwise, the plaintiff’s address. The times within which these Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule or any statutory provision require the defendant to appear and defend and shall notify him that if he fails to do so, judgment by default will be rendered against him for the relief demanded in the complaint. Where there are multiple plaintiffs or multiple defendants, or both, the summons may contain, instead of the names and addresses of all parties, the name of the first party on each side and the party’s name and address to be served. A copy of the complaint shall be attached to each summons. The plaintiff shall furnish the clerk with sufficient copies.
(C) Summons: plaintiff and defendant defined. For issuance and service of summons, “plaintiff” shall include any party seeking summons’ issuance and service. The “defendant” shall include any party upon whom service of a summons is sought.
(D) Waiver of service of summons. Service of a summons may be waived in writing by any person entitled thereto under Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.2 who is at least eighteen years of age and not under a disability.
(E) Summons: time limit for service. If a service of the summons and complaint is not made upon a defendant within six months after the filing of the complaint and the party on whose behalf such service was required cannot show good cause why such service was not made within that period, the action shall be dismissed as to that defendant without prejudice upon the court’s initiative with notice to such party or upon motion. This division shall not apply to out-of-state service under Rule 4.3 or serving in a foreign country under Rule 4.5. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-71, 7-1-73, 7-1-75, 7-1-84]
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.1 Process: Methods of Service
All service methods within this state, except service by publication as provided in Civ. R. 4.4(A), is described in this Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure. Methods of out-of-state service and service in a foreign country are described in Civ. R. 4.3 and 4.5.
(A) Service by certified or express mail. Evidenced by return receipt signed by any person, service of any process shall be by certified or express mail unless otherwise permitted by these Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure. The clerk shall place a copy of the process and complaint or another document to be served in an envelope. The clerk shall address the envelope to the person to be served at the address outlined in the caption or at the address outlined in written instructions furnished to the clerk with instructions to forward. The clerk shall affix adequate postage and place the sealed envelope in the United States mail as certified or express mail return receipt requested with instructions to deliver postal employee to show to whom delivered, date of delivery, and address where delivered. The clerk shall enter mailing on the appearance docket and make a similar entry when the return receipt is received. Suppose the envelope is returned with an endorsement showing failure of delivery. In that case, the clerk shall forthwith notify, by mail, the attorney of record or, if there is no attorney of record, the party at whose instance process was issued and enter the fact of notification on the appearance docket. The clerk shall file the return receipt or returned envelope in the records of the action. All postage shall be charged to costs. If the parties to be served by certified or express mail are numerous, and the clerk determines there is insufficient security for costs, the clerk may require the party requesting service to advance an amount estimated by the clerk to be sufficient to pay the postage.
(B) Personal service. When the plaintiff files a written request with the clerk for personal service, that method’s service of process shall be made. When a process issued from the Supreme Court, a court of appeals, a court of common pleas, or a county court is to be served personally, the clerk of the court shall deliver the process and sufficient copies of the process and complaint, or another document to be served, to the sheriff of the county in which the party to be served resides or may be found. When process issues from the municipal court, delivery shall be to the bailiff of the court for service on all defendants who reside or may be found within the county or counties in which that court has territorial jurisdiction and to the sheriff of any other county in this state for service upon a defendant who resides in or may be found in that other county. In the alternative, the clerk’s process issuing from any of these courts may be delivered to any person not less than eighteen years of age, who is not a party and who has been designated by order of the court to make service of process. The person serving process shall locate the person to be served and tender a copy of the process and accompanying documents to the person to be served. When the copy of the process has been served, the person serving the process shall endorse that fact on the process and return it to the clerk, who shall make the appropriate entry on the appearance docket. When the person serving the process cannot serve a copy of the process within twenty-eight days, the person shall endorse that fact and the reasons on the process and return the process and copies to the clerk who shall make the appropriate entry on the appearance docket. In service failure, the clerk shall follow the notification procedure outlined in division (A) of this rule. Failure to do service within the twenty-eight-day period and failure to make proof of service do not affect the service’s validity.
(C) Residence service. When the plaintiff files a written request with the clerk for residence service, that method’s service of process shall be made. Residence service shall be effected by leaving a copy of the process and the complaint, or another document to be served, at the usual place of residence of the person to be served with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein. The court clerk shall issue the process, and the process server shall return it in the same manner as prescribed in division (B) of this rule. When the person serving the process is unable to serve a copy of the process within twenty-eight days, the person shall endorse that fact and the reasons therefore on the process and return the process and copies to the clerk, who shall make the appropriate entry on the appearance docket. In service failure, the clerk shall follow the notification procedure outlined in division (A) of this rule. Failure to do service within the twenty-eight-day period and failure to prove service does not affect service validity. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-71, 7-1-80, 7-1-97]
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule Rule 4.2 Process: Who May be Served
Service of process, except service by publication as provided in Civ. R. 4.4(A), under Civ. R. 4 through 4.6 shall be made as follows:
(A) Upon an individual, other than a person under sixteen years of age or an incompetent person, by serving the individual;
(B) Upon a person under sixteen years of age by serving either the person’s guardian or any one of the following persons with whom the person to be served lives or resides: father, mother, or the individual having the care of the person; or by serving the person if the person neither has a guardian nor lives nor resides with a parent or a person having his or her care;
(C) Upon an incompetent person by serving either the incompetent’s guardian or the person designated in division (E) of this rule, but if no guardian has been appointed and the incompetent is not under confinement or commitment, by serving the incompetent;
(D) Upon an individual confined to a penal institution of this state or of a subdivision of this state by serving the individual, except that when the individual to be served is a person under sixteen years of age, the provisions of division (B) of this rule shall be applicable;
(E) Upon an incompetent person who is confined in any institution for the mentally ill or mentally deficient or committed by order of the court to the custody of some other institution or person by serving the superintendent or similar official of the institution to which the incompetent is confined or committed or the person to whose custody the incompetent is committed;
(F) Upon a corporation, either domestic or foreign: by serving the agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or by serving the corporation by certified or express mail at any of its usual places of business; or by serving an officer or a managing or general agent of the corporation;
(G) Upon a partnership, a limited partnership, or a limited partnership association by serving the entity by certified or express mail at any of its usual places of business or by serving a partner, limited partner, manager, or member;
(H) Upon an unincorporated association by serving it in its entity name by certified or express mail at any of its usual places of business or by serving an officer of the unincorporated association;
(I) Upon a professional association by serving the association in its corporate name by certified or express mail at the place where the corporate offices are maintained or by serving a shareholder;
(J) Upon this state or any one of its departments, offices, and institutions as defined in division (C) of section 121.01 of the Revised Code, by serving the officer responsible for the administration of the department, office, or institution or by serving the attorney general of this state;
(K) Upon a county or any of its offices, agencies, districts, departments, institutions, or administrative units, by serving the officer responsible for the administration of the office, agency, district, department, institution, or unit or by serving the prosecuting attorney of the county;
(L) Upon a township by serving one or more of the township trustees or the township clerk or by serving the prosecuting attorney of the county in which the township is located, unless the township is organized under Chapter 504. of the Revised Code, in which case service may be made upon the township law director;
(M) Upon a municipal corporation or any of its offices, departments, agencies, authorities, institutions, or administrative units by serving the officer responsible for the administration of the office, department, agency, authority, institution, or unit or by serving the city solicitor or comparable legal officer;
(N) Upon any governmental entity not mentioned above by serving the person, officer, group, or body responsible for the administration of that entity or by serving the appropriate legal officer, if any, representing the entity. Service upon any person who is a member of the “group” or “body” responsible for the entity’s administration shall be sufficient. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-71, 7-1-96, 7-1-97]
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.3 Process: Out-of-State Service
(A) When service permitted. Service of process may be made outside of this state, as provided in this rule, in any action in this state, upon a person who, at the time of service of process, is a nonresident of this state or is a resident of this state who is absent from this state. “Person” includes an individual, an individual’s executor, administrator, or another personal representative, or a corporation, partnership, association, or any other legal or commercial entity who, acting directly or by an agent, has caused an event to occur out of which the claim that is the subject of the complaint arose, from the person’s:
(1) Transacting any business in this state;
(2) Contracting to supply services or goods in this state;
(3) Causing tortious injury by an act or omission in this state, including, but not limited to, actions arising out of the ownership, operation, or use of a motor vehicle or aircraft in this state;
(4) Causing tortious injury in this state by an act or omission outside this state if the person regularly does or solicits business, engages in any other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue from goods used or consumed or services rendered in this state;
(5) Causing injury in this state to any person by breach of warranty expressly or impliedly made in the sale of goods outside this state when the person to be served might reasonably have expected the person who was injured to use, consume, or be affected by the goods in this state, provided that the person to be also served regularly does or solicits business, engages in any other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue from goods used or consumed or services rendered in this state;
(6) Having an interest in, using, or possessing real property in this state;
(7) Contracting to insure any person, property, or risk located within this state at the time of contracting;
(8) Living in the marital relationship within this state notwithstanding subsequent departure from this state, as to all obligations arising for spousal support, custody, child support, or property settlement, if the other party to the marital relationship continues to reside in this state;
(9) Causing tortious injury in this state to any person by an act outside this state committed with the purpose of injuring persons, when the person to be served might reasonably have expected that the act in this state would injure some person;
(10) Causing tortious injury to any person by a criminal act, any element of which takes place in this state, that the person to be served commits or in the commission of which the person to be served is guilty complicity.
(B) Methods of service.
(1) Service by certified or express mail. Evidenced by return receipt signed by any person, service of any process shall be by certified or express mail unless otherwise permitted by these rules. The clerk shall place a copy of the process and complaint or another document to be served in an envelope. The clerk shall address the envelope to the person to be served at the address outlined in the caption or at the address outlined in written instructions furnished to the clerk with instructions to forward. The clerk shall affix adequate postage and place the sealed envelope in the United States mail as certified or express mail return receipt requested with instructions to deliver postal employee to show to whom delivered, date of delivery, and address where delivered.
The clerk shall enter mailing on the appearance docket and make a similar entry when the return receipt is received. Suppose the envelope is returned with an endorsement showing failure of delivery. In that case, the clerk shall forthwith notify, by mail, the attorney of record or, if there is no attorney of record, the party at whose instance process was issued and enter the fact of notification on the appearance docket. The clerk shall file the return receipt or returned envelope in the records of the action. Suppose the envelope is returned with an endorsement showing failure of delivery. In that case, service is complete when the attorney or serving party, after notification by the clerk, files with the clerk an affidavit setting forth facts indicating the reasonable diligence utilized to ascertain the whereabouts of the party to be served.
All postage shall be charged to costs. If the parties to be served by certified or express mail are numerous, and the clerk determines there is insufficient security for costs, the clerk may require the party requesting service to advance an amount estimated by the clerk to be sufficient to pay the postage.
(2) Personal service. When ordered by the court, a “person” as defined in division (A) of this rule may be personally served with a copy of the process and complaint or another document. Service under this division may be made by any person not less than eighteen years of age who is not a party and who has been designated by order of the court. On request, the clerk shall deliver the summons to the plaintiff for transmission to the person who will do the service. Proof of service may be made as prescribed by Civ. R. 4.1 (B) or the court’s order. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-71, 7-1-80, 7-1-88, 7-1-91, 7-1-97]
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.4 Process: Service by Publication
(A) Residence is unknown.
(1) Except in action governed by division (A)(2) of this rule, if the residence of a defendant is unknown, service shall be made by publication in actions where such service is authorized by law. Before service by publication can be made, an affidavit of a party or his counsel shall be filed with the court. The affidavit shall aver that service of summons cannot be made because the residence of the defendant is unknown to the affiant, all of the efforts made on behalf of the party to ascertain the residence of the defendant and that the residence of the defendant cannot be ascertained with reasonable diligence.
Upon the affidavit filing, the clerk shall cause service of notice to be made by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the complaint is filed. If no newspaper is published in that county, then publication shall be in a newspaper published in an adjoining county. The publication shall contain the name and address of the court, the case number, the name of the first party on each side, and the name and last known address, if any, of the person or persons whose residence is unknown. The publication also shall contain a summary statement of the object of the complaint and demand for relief. It shall notify the person to be served that they are required to answer within twenty-eight days after the publication. The publication shall be published at least once a week for six successive weeks unless publication for a lesser number of weeks is specifically provided by law. Service shall be complete at the date of the last publication.
After the last publication, the publisher or its agent shall file with the court an affidavit showing the fact of publication together with a copy of the notice of publication. The affidavit and copy of the notice shall constitute proof of service.
(2) In a divorce, annulment, or legal separation action, if the plaintiff is proceeding in forma pauperis and if the defendant’s residence is unknown, service by publication shall be made by posting and mail. Before service by posting and mail can be made, an affidavit of a party or the party’s counsel shall be filed with the court. The affidavit shall contain the same averments required by division (A)(1) of this rule and shall set forth the defendant’s last known address.
Upon the filing of the affidavit, the clerk shall cause service of notice to be made by posting in a conspicuous place in the courthouse or courthouses in which the general and domestic relations divisions of the court of common pleas for the county are located and in two additional public places in the county that have been designated by local rule for the posting of notices under this rule. The notice shall contain the same information required by division (A)(1) of this rule in a newspaper publication. The notice shall be posted in the required locations for six successive weeks.
The clerk shall also cause the complaint and summons to be mailed by ordinary mail, address correction requested, to the defendant’s last known address. The clerk shall obtain a certificate of mailing from the United States Postal Service. Suppose the clerk is notified of a corrected or forwarding address of the defendant within the six-week period that notice is posted under division (A)(2) of this rule. In that case, the clerk shall cause the complaint and summons to be mailed to the corrected or forwarding address. The clerk shall note the name, address, and date of each mailing in the docket.
After the last week of posting, the clerk shall note the docket where and when the notice was posted. Service shall be complete upon the entry of posting.
(B) Residence is known. If the residence of a defendant is known, and the action is one in which service by publication is authorized by law, service of process shall be effected by a method other than by publication as provided by:
(1) Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.1, if the defendant is a resident of this state,
(2) Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.3(B) if the defendant is not a resident of this state, or
(3) Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.5, in the alternative, if service on the defendant is to be effected in a foreign country. If service of process cannot be effected under the provisions of this subdivision or Rule 4.6(C) or Rule 4.6(D), service of process shall proceed by publication. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-71, 7-1-91]
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.5 Process: Alternative Provisions for Service in a Foreign Country
(A) Manner. When Civ. R. 4.3 or Civ. R. 4.4 or both allow service upon a person outside this state, and service is to be effected in a foreign country, service of the summons and complaint may also be made:
(1) In the manner prescribed by the law of the foreign country for service in that country in action in any of its courts of general jurisdiction when service is calculated to give actual notice;
(2) As directed by the foreign authority in response to a letter rogatory when service is calculated to give actual notice;
(3) Upon an individual by delivery to him personally;
(4) Upon a corporation or partnership or association by delivery to an officer, a managing or general agent;
(5) By any form of mail requiring a signed receipt, when the clerk of the court addresses and dispatches this mail to the party to be served;
(6) As directed by order of the court. Service under division (A)(3) or (A)(6) of this rule may be made by any person not less than eighteen years of age who is not a party and who has been designated by order of the court or by the foreign court. On request, the clerk shall deliver the summons to the plaintiff for transmission to the person or the foreign court or officer who will do the service.
(B) Return. Proof of service may be made as prescribed by Civ. R. 4.1(B) or by the foreign country’s law or the court’s order. When mail service is made under division (A)(5) of this rule, proof of service shall include a receipt signed by the addressee or other delivery evidence to the addressee satisfactory to the court. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-97]
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 4.6 Process: Limits; Amendment; Service Refused; Service Unclaimed
(A) Limits of effective service. All processes may be served anywhere in this state and, when authorized by law or these rules, may be served outside this state.
(B) Amendment. The court, within its discretion and upon such terms as are just, may at any time allow the amendment of any process or proof of service unless the amendment would cause material prejudice to the substantial rights of the party against whom the process was issued.
(C) Service refused. Suppose service of process is refused, and the certified or express mail envelope is returned with an endorsement showing such refusal, or the return of the person serving process states that service of process has been refused. In that case, the clerk shall forthwith notify, by mail, the attorney of record or, if there is no attorney of record, the party at whose instance process was issued. If the attorney, or serving party, after notification by the clerk, files with the clerk a written request for ordinary mail service, the clerk shall send by ordinary mail a copy of the summons and complaint or another document to be served to the defendant at the address outlined in the caption, or at the address outlined in written instructions furnished to the clerk. The mailing shall be evidenced by a mailing certificate, which shall be completed and filed by the clerk. Answer day shall be twenty-eight days after the date of mailing, as evidenced by the certificate of mailing. The clerk shall endorse this answer date upon the summons, which is sent by ordinary mail. Service shall be deemed complete when the fact of mailing is entered of record. Failure to claim certified or express mail service is not a refusal of service within the meaning of division (C) of this Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule.
(D) Service unclaimed. Suppose a certified or express mail envelope is returned with an endorsement showing that the envelope was unclaimed. In that case, the clerk shall forthwith notify, by mail, the attorney of record or, if there is no attorney of record, the party at whose instance process was issued. If the attorney, or serving party, after notification by the clerk, files with the clerk a written request for ordinary mail service, the clerk shall send by ordinary mail a copy of the summons and complaint or another document to be served to the defendant at the address outlined in the caption, or at the address outlined in written instructions furnished to the clerk. The mailing shall be evidenced by a mailing certificate, which shall be completed and filed by the clerk. Answer day shall be twenty-eight days after the date of mailing, as evidenced by the certificate of mailing. The clerk shall endorse this answer date upon the summons, which is sent by ordinary mail. Service shall be deemed complete when the mailing is entered of record, provided that the postal authorities do not return the ordinary mail envelope with an endorsement showing the failure of delivery. If the ordinary mail envelope is returned undelivered, the clerk shall notify the attorney, or serving party, by mail.
(E) Duty of attorney of record or serving party. The attorney of record or the serving party shall be responsible for determining if service has been made and shall timely file written instructions with the clerk regarding completion of service, notwithstanding the provisions in Civ. R. 4.1 through 4.6, which instructs a clerk to notify the attorney of record or the serving party of failure of service of process. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-71, 7-1-78, 7-1-97]
Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 45. Subpoena
(A) Form; Issuance.
(1) Every subpoena shall do all of the following:
(a) state the name of the court from which it is issued, the title of the action, and the case number;
(b) command each person to whom it is directed, at a time and place specified in the subpoena, to:
(i) attend and give testimony at a trial, hearing, or deposition;
(ii) produce documents or tangible things at a trial, hearing, or deposition;
(iii) produce and permit inspection and copying of any designated documents that are in the possession, custody, or control of the person;
(iv) produce and permit inspection and copying, testing, or sampling of any tangible things that are in the possession, custody, or control of the person; or
(v) permit entry upon designated land or other property that is in the possession or control of the person for the purposes described in Civ. R. 34(A)(3)(c) set forth the text of divisions (C) and (D) of this rule. A command to produce and permit inspection may be joined with a command to attend and give testimony or be issued separately. A subpoena may not be used to obtain a party’s attendance or the production of documents by a party in discovery. Rather, a party’s attendance at a deposition may be obtained only by notice under Civ. R. 30 and documents may be obtained from a party in discovery only under Civ. R. 34.
(c) set forth the text of divisions (C) and (D) of this rule. A command to produce and permit inspection may be joined with a command to attend and give testimony or be issued separately.
A subpoena may not be used to obtain a party’s attendance or the production of documents by a party in discovery. Rather, a party’s attendance at a deposition may be obtained only by notice under Civ. R. 30 and documents may be obtained from a party in discovery only under Civ. R. 34.
(2) The clerk shall issue a subpoena, signed but otherwise in blank, to a party requesting it, who shall complete it before service. An attorney who has filed an appearance on behalf of a party in action may also sign and issue a subpoena on behalf of the court in which the action is pending.
(3) If the issuing attorney modifies the subpoena, the issuing attorney shall give prompt notice of the modification to all other parties.
(B) Service. A subpoena may be served by a sheriff, bailiff, coroner, clerk of court, constable, or a deputy of any, by an attorney at law, or by any other person designated by order of court who is not a party and is not less than eighteen years of age. Service of a subpoena upon a person named therein shall be made by delivering a copy of the subpoena to the person, by reading it to him or her in person, or by leaving it at the person’s usual place of residence, and by tendering to the person upon demand the fees for one day’s attendance and the mileage allowed by law. The person serving the subpoena shall file a return of the subpoena with the clerk. If the witness being subpoenaed resides outside the county where the court is located, the fees for one day’s attendance and mileage shall be tendered without a demand. The return may be forwarded through the postal service or otherwise.
Case Note:
A subpoena is validly served when it is sent by regular mail to the witness’s residence and the witness has actual knowledge of it. State v. Castle, 92 O.App.3d 732, 637 N.E.2d 80 (1994).
(C) Protection of persons subject to subpoenas.
(1) A party or an attorney responsible for the issuance and service of a subpoena shall take reasonable steps to avoid imposing undue burden or expense on a person subject to that subpoena.
(2)(a) A person commanded to produce under divisions (A)(1)(b)(ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this rule need not appear in person at the place of production or inspection unless commanded to attend and give testimony at a deposition, hearing, or trial.
(b) Subject to division (D)(2) of this rule, a person is commanded to produce under divisions (A)(1)(b)(ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this rule may, within fourteen days after service of the subpoena or before the time specified for compliance if such time is less than fourteen days after service, serve upon the party or attorney designated in the subpoena written objections to production. If an objection is made, the party serving the subpoena shall not be entitled to production except under the court’s order by which the subpoena was issued. If objection has been made, the party serving the subpoena, upon notice to the person commanded to produce, may move at any time for an order to compel the production. An order to compel production shall protect any person who is not a party or an officer of a party from significant expense resulting from the production commanded.
(3) On timely motion, the court from which the subpoena was issued shall quash or modify the subpoena or order appearance or production only under specified conditions if the subpoena does any of the following:
(a) Fails to allow reasonable time to comply;
(b) Requires disclosure of privileged or otherwise protected matter and no exception or waiver applies;
(c) Requires disclosure of a fact known or opinion held by an expert not retained or specially employed by any party in anticipation of litigation or preparation for trial as described by Civ. R. 26(B)(4), if the fact or opinion does not describe specific events or occurrences in dispute and results from a study by that expert that was not made at the request of any party;
(d) Subjects a person to undue burden.
(4) Before filing a motion under division (C)(3)(d) of this rule, a person resisting discovery under this rule shall attempt to resolve any claim of the undue burden through discussions with the issuing attorney. A motion filed under division (C)(3)(d) of this rule shall be supported by an affidavit of the subpoenaed person or a certificate of that person’s attorney of the efforts made to resolve any claim of undue burden.
(5) If a motion is made under division (C)(3)(c) or (C)(3)(d) of this rule, the court shall quash or modify the subpoena unless the party on whose behalf the subpoena is issued shows a substantial need for the testimony or material that cannot be otherwise met without undue hardship and assures that the person to whom the subpoena is addressed will be reasonably compensated.
(D) Duties in responding to subpoena.
(1) A person responding to a subpoena to produce documents shall, at the person’s option, produce them as they are kept in the usual course of business or organized and labeled to correspond with the categories in the subpoena. A person producing documents under a subpoena shall permit their inspection and copying by all parties present at the time and place set in the subpoena for inspection and copying.
(2) When information subject to a subpoena is withheld on a claim that it is privileged or subject to protection as trial preparation materials under Civ. R. 26(B)(3) or (4), the claim shall be made expressly. It shall be supported by a description of the nature of the documents, communications, or things not produced that is sufficient to enable the demanding party to contest the claim.
(E) Sanctions. Failure by any person without adequate excuse to obey a subpoena served upon that person may be deemed a contempt of the court from which the subpoena was issued. A subpoenaed person or that person’s attorney who frivolously resists discovery under this rule may require the court to pay the reasonable expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, of the party seeking the discovery. The court from which a subpoena was issued may impose upon a party or attorney in breach of the duty imposed by division (C)(1) of this rule an appropriate sanction, which may include, but is not limited to, lost earnings and reasonable attorney’s fees.
(F) Privileges. Nothing in this rule shall be construed to authorize a party to obtain information protected by any privilege recognized by law or authorize any person to disclose such information. [Adopted eff. 7-1-70; amended eff. 7-1-71, 7-1-72, 7-1-93, 7-1-94]
OUR PROCESS
Documents can be faxed at (800) 296-0115, emailed ps@undisputedlegal.com or uploaded to our website. We do require prepayment and accept all major credit and debit cards. Once payment is processed, your sales receipt is immediately emailed for your records.
Drop-offs must call and make an appointment first to be added to building security to permit access to our office. Documents for service must be in a sealed envelope with payment in the form of a money order or attorney check (WE DO NOT ACCEPT CASH) payable to UNDISPUTED LEGAL INC.; All documents will be received by our receptionist.
DOMESTIC COVERAGE AREAS:
Alaska | Alabama | Arkansas | Arizona | California | Colorado | Connecticut | District of Columbia | Delaware | Florida| Georgia | Hawaii | Iowa | Idaho | Illinois | Indiana | Kansas | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maryland | Massachusetts | Maine | Michigan | Minnesota | Mississippi | Missouri | Montana | North Carolina | North Dakota| Nebraska | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New Mexico | Nevada | New York | Ohio | Oklahoma | Oregon | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | South Carolina | South Dakota | Tennessee | Texas | Utah | Virginia | Vermont | Washington | West Virginia | Wisconsin | Wyoming
INTERNATIONAL COVERAGE AREAS:
Albania | Andorra | Anguilla | Antigua | Argentina | Armenia | Australia | Austria | Azerbaijan | Bahamas | Barbados | Belarus | Belgium | Belize | Bermuda | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Botswana | Brazil | British Honduras| British Virgin Islands | Bulgaria | Canada | Cayman Islands | Central and Southern Line Islands | Chile|China (Macao) | China People’s Republic | Colombia | Costa Rica | Country of Georgia | Croatia | Cyprus | Czech Republic| Denmark | Dominican Republic | Ecuador | Egypt | Estonia | Falkland Islands and Dependences | Fiji | Finland | France | Germany| Gibraltar | Gilbert and Ellice Islands | Greece | Guernsey | Hong Kong | Hungary | Iceland | India | Ireland | Isle of Man | Israel | Italy | Jamaica | Japan | Jersey Channel Islands | Jordan | Kazakhstan | Korea| Kuwait | Latvia | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Malawi | Malaysia | Malta | Mauritius | Mexico| Monaco| Montenegro | Montserrat | Morocco | Namibia | Netherlands | New Zealand |Nicaragua | Norway | Pakistan | Panama | Paraguay | Peru | Philippines | Pitcairn |Poland | Portugal | Republic of Moldova | Republic of North Macedonia | Romania |Russian Federation | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | San Marino | Saudi Arabia | Serbia| Seychelles | Singapore| Slovakia | Slovenia | South Africa | Spain | Sri Lanka | St. Helena and Dependencies | St. Lucia | Sweden | Switzerland | Taiwan | Thailand | Tunisia | Turkey | Turks and Caicos Islands| Ukraine | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland| Uruguay | US Virgin Islands | Uzbekistan | Venezuela | Vietnam
OFFICE LOCATIONS
New York: (212) 203-8001 – 590 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York 10022
Brooklyn: (347) 983-5436 – 300 Cadman Plaza West, 12th Floor, Brooklyn, New York 11201
Queens: (646) 357-3005 – 118-35 Queens Blvd, Suite 400, Forest Hills, New York 11375
Long Island: (516) 208-4577 – 626 RXR Plaza, 6th Floor, Uniondale, New York 11556
Westchester: (914) 414-0877 – 50 Main Street, 10th Floor, White Plains, New York 10606
Connecticut: (203) 489-2940 – 500 West Putnam Avenue, Suite 400, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830
New Jersey: (201) 630-0114 – 101 Hudson Street, 21 Floor, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302
Washington DC: (202) 655-4450 – 2200 Pennsylvania Avenue, 4 Fl East, Washington DC 20037
for assistance serving legal papers in Ohio
Simply pick up the phone and call Toll-Free (800) 774-6922 or click the service you want to purchase. Our dedicated team of professionals is ready to assist you. We can handle all your process service needs; no job is too small or too large! For instructions on How To Serve Legal Papers in Ohio, Click Here!
Contact us for more information about our process serving agency. We are ready to provide service of process to all our clients globally from our offices in New York, Brooklyn, Queens, Long Island, Westchester, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Washington D.C.
“Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction, and skillful execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives” – Foster, William A
