CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE IN THE COUNTRY OF GEORGIA

This article will provide guidance on the Code of Civil Procedure in the Country of Georgia. The law in Georgia is founded on civil law, and the nation has three levels of courts. Twenty-five trial courts sit at the lowest level in the judicial system to hear criminal, civil, and administrative issues, respectively. The second tier of Georgian courts consists of the Tbilisi Appeal Court (for East Georgia) and the Kutaisi Appeal Court (for West Georgia). The third and highest authority in Georgia is the Supreme Court. In addition, the Constitutional Court exists to resolve conflicts between government agencies over constitutional interpretation and to hear and decide individual claims of human rights abuses under the Constitution.

There is no unified commercial code in effect in Georgia. Georgia's legislative body for regulating business activity comprises various laws and codes (including the Tax Code, the Law on Entrepreneurs, and the Law on Insolvency). In this jurisdiction, business disputes cannot be heard in a commercial or specialized court.

BACKGROUND

Due to presidential and legislative intervention in the courts, corruption, and a lack of openness and professionalism in judicial procedures, a considerable issue exists. Due process is protected by the law, although it is not always upheld in reality. The national court system hears appeals of regulations and enforcement actions.

The law of Georgia is a civil law system. The Constitution, Civil Code, Tax Code, and Customs Code are only some laws that affect international business. The Law on Entrepreneurs, the Law on Promotion and Guarantee of Investment Activity, the Bankruptcy Law, the Law on Courts and General Jurisdiction, the Law on Limitation of Monopolistic Activity, the Accounting Law, and the Securities Market Law are all also applicable.

Occasionally, disagreements over property rights have harmed investor trust in Georgia and the country's legal system. Parliament has enacted a number of measures designed to increase the independence of the judiciary after the administration made it clear that this was a priority. The public sector claims the organization influences judges in politically contentious situations. Additional judicial reforms are now being enacted by the government, emphasizing judicial discipline and the regulation of the High Council of Justice.

Formerly the Head of State and the Chief Executive, the President serves only in the former capacity. Regarding internal and international affairs, the President is at the helm as the Head of State.

The President may also enter into constitutional agreements on behalf of the state with the Apostle Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia. The President makes decisions on naturalization, honorary citizenship, and dual citizenship based on the individual's contributions to Georgia or the state's interests. They can pardon felons, provide asylum to refugees, and even grant citizenship to foreign nationals.

GEORGIA LEGISLATURE

Parliament, as stated in the Constitution of Georgia, is the highest lawmaking body in the nation. Free, universal, equal, and direct suffrage are used to elect members of Parliament by secret ballot for four years. Parliament is responsible for making laws, setting national and international priorities, and monitoring the Government's actions. In a democratic nation, parliament holds many ways, which means a lot for the country's advancement and growth. Parliament is in a position to make important political and state-level choices and provide the legislative groundwork for the country's forward advancement.

Parliament has exclusive authority over all legislative processes (i.e., the creation of new laws). The President may refuse to sign a bill and use his veto power, but this does not guarantee that the bill will not become law since Parliament may override the veto. If the President declines to sign a measure for a second time, the Speaker of Parliament may do so on behalf of the legislature and promulgate it into law.

GEORGIA JUDICIARY

Over the last decade, a new legal system, mainly meeting European standards, has been created in Georgia. Soviet-era laws were replaced with new laws, drafted with the help of ongoing consultations with the active cooperation of European experts. In 1999, the new legislation governing the judiciary came into force. Implementing these new laws raised the question of the need for institutional reform, an integral part of which was considered to be judicial reform. As a result of these reforms, the judiciary was freed from control, dependence, and subordination to the executive branch of government. This promoted and strengthened the independence of the judiciary.

A new court instance – appellate courts – was created. The competencies between courts of different instances were clearly defined and separated. The rules for the competencies and jurisdiction of the courts are now prescribed by law and are no longer dependent on the will and decisions of the chairmen of the courts. The Supreme Court was transformed into the court of cassation, which reviews only the legal aspects of appeal decisions and does not discuss the cases on merit.

To guarantee human rights and uphold the rule of law, the Constitution prohibits the establishment ad hoc of courts. The Constitutional Court protects the constitutional rights of individuals (by revoking normative bills that conflict with the constitution's provisions) and considers or settles constitutional disputes between public institutions. In specific cases, the Constitutional Court may arbitrate on election issues. The court also participates in the procedure for the impeachment of high-ranking government officials in cases stipulated by the constitution.

SERVICE OF SUMMONS IN GEORGIA

Service of process will be made using the technical methods set out in Article 70(3) of this Code, by mail, by court courier, or by any other technique mutually agreed upon by the parties. The court may issue summonses in whatever order it sees fit and can decide on the form of notice and the appropriate address for the service of process. A judicial summons may also be served on a person within a courthouse. Suppose a judicial summons cannot be served on the intended recipient the first time. In that case, it must be resent to the individual at least once, either to the original address or to an alternate address that the court is aware of.

Service of a court summons by telephone must be verified by a certificate of service by technical means; service through email or fax will be confirmed by the confirmation received by the appropriate technological means or by a certificate of service by technical means. A notification confirming receipt of a telegraph serving as a court summons should be required when a person is called in this manner.

REJECTION OF SUMMONS

The recipient of a judicial summons must sign and date the second copy before returning it to the court, and the court must be notified of the moment the summons was served. It is required that the time of serving of court summons be noted in the confirmation of receipt given by technological means through the certificate of service by technical means.

With the other party's permission, the judge may provide that party with the judicial summons that must be served on the other party. Written application to the court authorizing service by courier at the party's cost is required for expedited service of judicial summons. It is the duty of the person serving the summons to return the second signed copy to the court after making the delivery.

The judge may order the local self-government body or local precincts (district police officers) of territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia to deliver to these persons the judicial summons if the parties, their representatives, witnesses, experts, specialists, and interpreters could not be notified of the time and location of a hearing or the performance of a certain procedural action under this Code. Within the time limits established by the court judgment, the local authorities or district police officers shall be responsible for arranging the delivery of the judicial summons to the parties, their representatives, as well as to witnesses, experts, specialists, and interpreters and notifying the judge of the delivery, causes for the failure to deliver, or for refusal to deliver the judicial summons.

If a party to a case is located in another municipality (district, city), and the court considering the case determines that it will be impossible to serve the party with a judicial summons in time, the court in whose jurisdiction the party is staying may be required to do so. The reviewing court may use electronic methods to convey the judicial summons to the appropriate court or inform it of the contents of the judicial summons. Any court-ordered to serve a summons is responsible for creating the summons on behalf of the ordering court. A competent court official must take the required action. The court responsible for service must inform the ordering court of the delivery, any reasons for the failure to serve or refusal to deliver the judicial summons, and the manner by which the relevant document was sent.

Citizens must be personally served with a judicial summons through mail or courier. To ensure that a citizen served with a judicial summons at their place of employment receives it, the summons must be delivered to the organization's secretariat or comparable structural unit or person, or in its absence, to a lawfully authorized person of the organization.

In accordance with Article 73(8) of this Code, if the person delivering the judicial summons is unable to meet the addressee of the summons at the address indicated by the party, the judicial summons shall be handed over to any legally competent family member residing with the addressee, and if the judicial summons is delivered according to the workplace, to the administration of the workplace. The person receiving the court summons must complete a second copy and provide his or her name, surname, relationship to the addressee, and position held. Likewise, a court summons receiver must promptly deliver the summons to the addressee. Service of the court summons on the addressee shall be deemed to have been made upon delivery to the person mentioned in this paragraph, and the addressee's signature shall verify such service on the second copy of the summons.

If the addressee cannot be found upon delivery of the court summons, the person making the delivery must note on the second copy of the summons where the addressee might be found and what time he or she is anticipated to return. Suppose the addressee or the entity refuses to accept the judicial summons. In that case, the person delivering the summons should mark the denial on the summons, which shall be returned to the court. The recipient of the summons will be presumed to have received notice of the matter, and the court will proceed with the hearing.

Second, suppose the entity refuses to accept the judicial summons. In that case, the summons will not be deemed served on the defendant if the summons is sent to them for the first time, except where the summons has been sent to the address indicated by the defendant in its reply (response). All parties and their attorneys must update the court on address changes throughout the proceedings. In the absence of such notice, the addressee of a judicial summons may be presumed to still reside at the last known address to the court, and the summons may be served upon him or her at that address.

OUR PROCESS

Documents can be faxed at (800)-296-0115, emailed to ps@undisputedlegal.com, mailed to 590 Madison Avenue, 21 Floor, New York, New York 10022, or dropped off at any of our locations. We do require pre-payment and accept all major credit and debit cards. Once payment is processed, your sales receipt is immediately emailed for your records.

Drop-offs must call and make an appointment first to be added to building security to permit access to our office. Documents for service must be in a sealed envelope with payment in the form of a money order or attorney check (WE DO NOT ACCEPT CASH) payable to UNDISPUTED LEGAL INC.; Our receptionist receives all documents.

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OFFICE LOCATIONS

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Long Island: (516) 208-4577 – 626 RXR Plaza, 6th Floor, Uniondale, New York 11556
Westchester: (914) 414-0877 – 50 Main Street, 10th Floor, White Plains, New York 10606
Connecticut: (203) 489-2940 – 500 West Putnam Avenue, Suite 400, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830
New Jersey: (201) 630-0114 - 101 Hudson Street, 21 Floor, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302
Washington DC: (202) 655-4450 - 1101 Pennsylvania Avenue, Suite 300, Washington DC 20004

FOR ASSISTANCE SERVING LEGAL PAPERS IN THE COUNTRY OF GEORGIA

Pick up the phone and call Toll Free (800) 774-6922, or click the service you want to purchase. Our dedicated team of professionals is ready to assist you. We can handle all your Country of Georgia process service needs; no job is too small or too large!

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Sources

1. Evidence of meddling in judicial independence and impartiality persists despite constitutional and legal protections for a free and fair court. There is the potential for both internal and external political pressure on judges.

2. Although changes have increased the judiciary's independence, it is nevertheless susceptible to political pressure in high-profile cases. Anti-reform justices have amassed a majority on the High Council of Justice.

3. There are 235 members, with 150 elected using a PR system and 85 chosen using a majoritarian system of single-mandate districts (electoral systems that do not result in proportional representation are known as majoritarian systems).

4. A bicameral legislature is planned for when Georgia reclaims its lost territory. For now, however, it only has one chamber.

5. This collaboration allowed Georgia to adopt new Civil, Administrative, Company, and Criminal laws.

6. Any other method of service agreed upon by the parties may also be used to serve a judicial summons on a citizen or entity. The addressee's signature on the second copy of the summons proves that the summons was delivered.

7. In accordance with Article 74(1) of this Code

8. Article 76 of Law of Georgia No. 5669, passed on the 28th of December 2007 (LHG I, No. 1, 3.1.2008) Procedure address change in progress